Sometimes as a woman it can feel overwhelming to understand all the various options for birth control, and it can often feel like there are no decent options available. It can also be difficult to understand the different pros and cons of the various options and often we are not sufficiently educated about the possible side effects and the way they may affect our bodies. Many women find that certain types of contraception can change not only their physical health, but emotional and mental health, feeling emotional changes, weight change, suddenly weepy, angry and so much more. Therefore it is vital to understand what is happening to your body with each type of contraception so you can discuss with your healthcare provider or doctor what may be the best option for you at this time in your life.
Hormonal IUD (Mirena)
The hormonal IUD is a small intrauterine device that is inserted into the uterus. Although it is a hormonal form of birth control, the hormonal IUD does not completely shut down ovulation, which is a positive in comparison to other hormonal birth control options. Ovulation is vital for overall health. When you ovulate you make progesterone (the hormone that helps you to feel energetic, calm and is anti-inflammatory for your body) and estradiol (important for health, mood, energy, libido, skin and hair health!).
Pros:
– Does not completely shut down ovulation, which allows for the production of vital hormones.
– Reduces intensity of the flow of your period (can be helpful in conditions such as endometriosis).
– Lasts 3-5 years.
– High efficacy rate (less than 1% of people will get pregnant).
– Easily removed at anytime, fertility will likely resume immediately but can take some time to detox the excess hormones from the body. If you’re considering trying to get pregnant extra time should be factored in.
Cons:
– The hormone released is levonorgestrel, which can promote side effects such as hair loss, acne, weight gain and headaches.
– Other side effects can include mood changes, cramping and breast tenderness.
– Can suppress ovulation between 15-85%.
– Can lead to a change in the vaginal microbiome, which can lead to yeast infections.
– Can cause irregular bleeding or spotting.
– Can be painful to insert and has a risk of coming out (5% chance).
Copper IUD
The copper IUD is also a small intrauterine device that is inserted into the uterus. This birth control option is one of the only non-hormonal options available; the copper in this device is toxic to sperm and eggs, therefore preventing possible pregnancy. This device allows for natural cycles and ovulation, which means when it is removed it allows for natural fertility to resume immediately. Although it has many benefits in comparison to hormonal birth control, it also has a few drawbacks to be aware of before making your decision.
Pros:
– Allows for ovulation and natural cycles, therefore the natural production of beneficial
– Lasts 5-10 years.
– Highly effective (99%), therefore reduces risk of pregnancy.
– Fertility resumes immediately after removal and can be removed at anytime.
– Can be used during breastfeeding.
– Can be used as emergency contraception after unprotected sex.
Cons:
– Side effects may include bleeding between periods, heavier and more painful bleeding and increased cramping (can reduce after first 12 months).
– Can be painful to insert and possible spontaneous expulsion can occur (0.5-8%).
– Can lead to a change in the vaginal microbiome, which can lead to yeast infections.
– Higher risk of pelvic inflammatory disease.
– It can cause copper excess. Copper excess is much more common in those who are zinc deficient. Possible symptoms may include increased headaches, anxiety, poor immune function, and increased inflammation. Therefore zinc supplementation is often recommended in those using a copper IUD.
Overall, the decision of which birth control option is best for you depends on your own individual health picture. If you would like to discuss this further please get in touch.